Beginning of life on earth
A time rolled on and earth cooled, nature played its role to make earth fit for life. It is difficult to say when life began on earth, Some say, it was about three hundred million (300,000,000) years ago new beginning of life.
In warm shallow water there appeared first the sign of vegetable life. In course of time the plants appeared on land. Countless ages rolled by as vegetation continued to cover the earth.
It was again on the sea that there appeared a more definite from of life. There first come the jelly-like substances, the jelly-fish. Sea-worms and shell-fish began to multiply. Next appeared the fish with a backbone. They all lived in water. But nature did not want to confine life only to water. So were born the Amphibian, to live in water as well as land. They were the frogs and their like.
Life was meant to appear in many forms. Water, land and air were all meant for life. Life too, was not meant to be changeless.
As many kinds of creatures began to appear, the earth become the home of nature's abundant life. Through countless years those creatures changed their character. Many disappeared for ever. Many degenerated into small shapes. Many struggled and survived in great difficulty. In many wonderful ways life appeared, disappeared, changed and survived.
On the land there appeared big animals, the reptiles. Their number was great, and forms varied. Into the sky there flew out the birds. And there come the mammals.the mammal represented an advanced form of animal. The mammals knew to suckle their young, to feed them by their mammae. That was the beginning of some relation in animal world. It helps continuity.
The process of creation and destruction continued. New beginning of life the huge reptiles disappeared in course of time. Their degenerated descendants are seen today on our walls in form of lizards. The big mammals left their left their descendants in smaller forms. They are today's camels, pigs, horses and above all monkeys.
Form the coming of mammals to the coming of man it was a long long time of millions of years. However late, man appeared at last. He become the crowning glory of creation on earth.
beginning of life on earth is a complex and multifaceted topic that can be approached from different perspectives, such as biological, philosophical, and religious. From a biological standpoint, life is generally considered to begin at the moment of fertilization, when the sperm and egg fuse to form a single cell, known as a zygote. This cell contains all the genetic material necessary for the development of a new organism.
However, the beginning of life is also a topic of ethical and legal debate, particularly when it comes to issues such as abortion and assisted reproduction. Some people believe that life begins at conception, while others believe that it begins at birth or at some other point in fetal development.
Overall, beginning of life on earth is a complex and controversial issue that continues to be the subject of ongoing discussion and debate in various fields of study.
The question of when life begins is not only a scientific but also a philosophical and ethical one. Philosophers, theologians, and geneticists have debated this topic for centuries, often arriving at different conclusions based on their beliefs and values.
From a scientific perspective, the zygote formed by the fusion of a sperm and an egg has all the genetic information necessary to create a new individual, and it starts dividing and developing into different cell types and tissues shortly after fertilization. This process leads to the formation of a complex organism, which eventually develops into a fetus that can survive outside the womb.
However, the issue of when life begins is not limited to the biological aspect of the question. It also encompasses ethical and moral considerations, which can vary depending on cultural, religious, and philosophical views.
For instance, some people believe that life begins at conception, and therefore, any form of intentional termination of a pregnancy, such as abortion, is equivalent to taking a human life. Others argue that life does not begin until a certain stage of fetal development, such as the ability to feel pain or consciousness.
Moreover, different legal systems around the world have different definitions of when life begins, and this can have significant implications for issues such as abortion, assisted reproduction, and stem cell research
Overall, the question of when life begins is a complex and multifaceted one, and there is no simple answer that can satisfy everyone. It requires an understanding of various scientific, philosophical, ethical, and legal perspectives, as well as an appreciation of the diversity of human values and beliefs.
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The Origin of Man
Man’s origin was from the line of the mammals. Among the mammals Was the group of apes, the Chimpanzee, the Orangoutang and the Gorilla. Men's remote ancestor at some distant past belonged to that group. By stages, evolution shaped man into man. He became different from the rest of the ape groups. The separation must haw taken place through millions of years. It is not for history to go into those details.
The Sub-man
The skulls and bones of real man's ancestors have been discovered at a few places. They show the link in evolution. It is supposed that two groups of sub-men lived long before the real man evolved.
The first group is named as African Australopithecus. A skull of that sub-man was first discovered in 1925 in Bechuanaland. The skull proves that the appearance of that creature must have been like that of an ape. But in many other features the creature was like man. His teeth were like human teeth.’Similar skulls together with bones and teeth were found in large number in Transvaal. Remains were also discovered at Tanganyika. The scientists believe that those subhuman creatures lived nearly half a million years ago. In evolution, they were between the ape and the man. Their height was only about four feet. They possessed ape-like heads. But they also possessed man like legs. In many features they were nearer to man than ape. Their foreheads were low and flat. Skulls were thick. They had big jaws and large teeth. Scientists believe that those creatures walked like human beings on two legs. They now known that they used even stone tools.
The second group of sub-men is described as the Asian Pithecanthropus. The remains of those creatures have been discovered in Java. They also lived about
half a million years ago. They were more developed than the African sub-man. Their height was about five feet. Their appearance was more man-like than ape-like. They were able to run.
The skulls and bones of this group were also discovered in China near Peking. Both the Java sub-man and the Chinese sub-man represented a further step in evolution towards the real man.
Other types of sub-man or near-man also lived at many other I places. The jawbone discovered at Heidelberg in Germany represents
a sub-man who was a contemporary of the Java sub-man. The Heidelberg sub-man possessed human teeth and a big body.
The Neanderthal Man
Evolution never stopped. Thousands upon thousands of years rolled by to develop sub-man into man. After the African and the Asian sub-men, there appeared on earth groups of near-men at several places in Europe, Asia and Africa. They were more developed than their predecessor groups.
In Germany near Dusseldorf there is a place named Neanderthal. In a cave of that place were discovered human remains, skulls and, bones, which proved the existence of a better type of near-man.* According to the name of the place, those near-men are now described as the Neanderthal men. Of course, those near-men lived over vast areas of Europe.
The Neanderthal man was not a complete man. His skull was thick. His bones were heavy. Unlike man, he could not hold his head erect. He had no chin. He could make noise, but was not able to speak. His skull contained small brain.
Yet, he was near to man in many respects. He knew several things necessary for living. He knew to protect his children. He helped his fellow-beings. His hands and aims were free and therefore he worked. He used stone tools, He lived in caves. He knew to keep the caves warm. Some think that he even knew to make fire. He used fire to drive away wild animals. He used fire in winter to keep himself warm. He knew hunting. For that, he prepared tools in stone and wood. In course of time he improved his 'tools and implements. Gradually he could hunt big animals. It is supposed that the Neanderthal man generally lived near lakes, rivers or springs. Because, he required water for living. But he did riot know to make a pot to keep water. Therefore, he stayed at places where water was available.
The Neanderthal men lived in small groups. They knew to defend themselves from wild animals. They knew to collect food. From rivers they caught fish in their own hands. They killed animals, and gathered fruits and roots from forests. They even used dry skins of wild animals to cover their body.
The Neanderthal men appeared nearly fifty thousand years ago. For about twenty-five thousand years they survived on European land mass. Those were the ages when nature was terrible. In dense dark forests, amid wild animals, those undeveloped men lived. No doubt they knew three basic things of living, namely, to live in caves, to cover the body with animal skins and to use stone or wooden implements. But they were ignorant of many other things. Without power of speech they could not express themselves. Without capacity to protect body from terrible cold and other hardship of nature they suffered greatly. And, in the long run, they all died out and vanished for ever.
The Real Man
At last, on the path of evolution, there appeared the real man. He appeared more than twenty-five thousand years ago. South Asia, North Africa and the Mediterranean belts were the places where they appeared first. They were different from sub-men and near-men for two main reasons. First, through long long evolution their body had become thoroughly developed. Unlike sub-men and near-men, they could move their hands and limbs very freely. Secondly, through the same process of evolution, the size as well as the power of their brain had increased. And, therefore, they possessed capacity to develop intelligence.
Through thousands of years they moved and spread over. They knew to gather food and moved widely in search of food. Nature itself was changing and taking its modern shape. The great ice belts were melting away. Animal life was changing and becoming more plentiful. Trees and plants were becoming more useful. Nature, as if, was ready to help man. Under congenial conditions, mankind began to thrive and grow. There arose, no doubt several races among men. But after all, they were all men. They have been all. given a common name, Homo Sapiens. The many races of men as we find today are the children of the same early men. They belong to the same species.
In a vague way, those early men have been described in two names, the Cro-Magnon race and the Garibaldi race. The names have been given according to the name of the places from where the bones of those early men were first discovered. One was a place named cro-Magnon in France. The other was a place named The Cro-Magnon Man Garibaldi near Men-tone. The bones of those places possibly represent two different races of men. ,But they were the bones of the first real men.
The Cro-Magnon men were tall. They had broad faces. Their nose was straight and narrow. They possessed big brains. The skeletons of the Garibaldi men show that they perhaps belonged to Negro race. But it is doubted.
It. is not the developed body but the developed mind which made those early men the real men. They possessed intelligence. Therefore, they developed their living conditions. And, they knew how to live on. They did not disappear like the Neanderthal men.
The first true men appeared during the later part of the Old stone Age. By their strength and intelligence they developed their living conditions greatly. The men of the Old Stone Age were the forerunners of the future of mankind. From Old Stone Age, man entered into New Stone Age. .From New Stone Age, he moved gradually towards civilization.
New beginning of life the following are the descriptions of the life in the Old and the New Stone Ages as lived by our primitive ancestors.
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